Plausible Drying and Wetting Scenarios for Summer in Southeastern South America

Adaptation Measures for Maize and Soybean in Southeastern South America

Extreme Summer Convection in South America

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis data are used to indicate mechanisms responsible for extreme summer convection over South America. The threedimensional reflectivity field is analyzed to define three types of extreme echo, deep convective cores, wi...

A wetting and drying scheme for POM

In shallow-water models, wetting and drying (WAD) are determined by the total water depth D 1⁄4 0 for ‘dry’ and >0 for ‘wet’. Checks are applied to decide the fate of each cell during model integration. It is shown that with bottom friction values commonly used in coastal models, the shallow-water system may be cast into a Burger’s type equation for D. For flows dominated by D (i.e. jrDj jrH j,...

A wetting and drying scheme for ROMS

The processes of wetting and drying have many important physical and biological impacts on shallow water systems. Inundation and dewatering effects on coastal mud flats and beaches occur on various time scales ranging from storm surge, periodic rise and fall of the tide, to infragravity wave motions. To correctly simulate these physical processes with a numerical model requires the capability o...

Energetics of the summer circulation over South America

We have investigated the energetics of the summer circulation over tropical and extratropical South America. The kinetic energy equations of divergent (Kχ ) and rotational (Kψ ) motion are utilized. All the terms of these equations are calculated on each day for five summers (NovemberFebruary 1985–1990), using global wind analysis from the National Meteorological Center (NMC), now National Cent...